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Science abstract < 200 char.: Not a research
article
Genes enter the garden of good and evil Original Sin: On the Genetics of Vice, the Problem of Blame, and the Future of Forgiveness Kathryn Paige Harden Random House, 2026. 320 pp.
Science abstract < 200 char.: Not a research
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Science abstract < 200 char.: Not a research
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Research security policies are emerging across nations seeking to protect their national interests in response to geopolitical shifts. Yet governments impose disclosure requirements and threaten penalties while offering little guidance on the vast gray zone of cross-border collaborations that could invite retribution. A chill sets in among researchers. If the community does not act, the result will be scientific fragmentation at a moment when global challenges demand cooperation. That serves neither security nor innovation.
Nature Human Behaviour
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Nicholas S. Galambos, Olivia J. Crocker, Blair K. Schneider, Kennelly S. Allerton, Katrin E. Gross, Alexandra E. Schneider, Jared Lynch, Onur Yukselen, Alper Kucukural, Colin C. Conine
Turn-on luminescence from molecular rotor realignment in metal-organic framework thin films
Jan C. Fischer, Tong Zhou, Philipp Sievers, Nils W. Rosemann, Elizabeth Coetsee, Dmitry Busko, Yang Li, Honghan Ji, Diethelm Johannsmann, Lingju Guo, Pengfei Duan, Bryce S. Richards, Ian A. Howard, Tonghan Zhao
Enterocytes rely on purine biosynthesis/salvage pathway to facilitate dietary fat absorption
Yu Wang, Li Chen, Yingze Ma, Mingqi Zhou, Aleksander Geske, Marcus Seldin, Jiangjiang Zhu, Alexander M. Zak, Xinzhong Dong, Robert N. Cole, Svetlana Lutsenko
Modifying muscle metabolic dysregulation in inclusion body myositis with pioglitazone: a single-arm trial
Brittany L. Adler, Michael R. Bene, Cissy Zhang, Conrad Say, Pratik Khare, Christopher Mecoli, Eleni Tiniakou, Julie J. Paik, Tae Chung, Erika Darrah, Thomas Lloyd, Ruben Pagkatipunan, Megan McGowan, Albert Mears, Hilary J. Vernon, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Anne Le, Jemima Albayda
Loss of polarity by Cdc42 depletion and oncogenic Kras activation in the mouse intestinal epithelia leads to a necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like disease
Zheng Zhang, Cuiqing Fan, Ryan Jorgensen, Pamela Sylvestra, Mike Adam, Yi Zheng
Kapil Yadav, Abigail Croker, Adriana Ford, William Hayes, Yiannis Kountouris, James Millington, Jayalaxshmi Mistry, Monika Moreu Vicente, Ol Perkins, Kate Schreckenberg, Cathy Smith, Maximilian Stiefel, Michel Valette
Mining antibody functionality via AI-guided structural landscape profiling
Stanislav S. Terekhov, Nikita V. Ivanisenko, Nan Zhang, Yuliana A. Mokrushina, Dmitry E. Nolde, Yakov A. Lomakin, Arthur Zalevsky, Leyla A. Ovchinnikova, Diana M. Malabuiok, Margarita N. Baranova, Tatiana Shashkova, Elena Aliper, Mingxiu Zhang, Kun Guo, Sergey Duga, Nikolay Akhmetyanov, Stepan Mamontov, Anastasia O. Smirnova, Ilgar Mamedov, Tatiana V. Bobik, Nikita N. Kostin, Aleksandr S. Chernov, Igor E. Eliseev, Igor Yaroshevich, Vitali M. Boitsov, Alexey V. Stepanov, Ding Zhang, Roman G. Efremov, Ivan V. Smirnov, Olga Kardymon, Hongkai Zhang, Yu Guo, Richard Lerner, Alexander G. Gabibov, Roger D. Kornberg
Candesartan cilexetil disrupts methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus membrane and potentiates gentamicin and polymyxin B activity
Nagendran Tharmalingam, Robert Wilson Kovacs, Suelen Scarpa de Mello, Philip Rupert Baldwin, Harikrishna Sekar Jayanthan, Kulandaisamy Arulsamy, Rajmohan Rajmuthiah, Fernanda Cristina Possamai Rossatto, Katherine E. Manz, Joseph A. DeGiorgis, Orlando Acevedo, Michael S. Gilmore, Steven J. Ludtke, Kurt D. Pennell, Frederick M. Ausubel, Eleftherios Mylonakis
Optimizing global genomic surveillance for early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Haogao Gu, Jifan Li, Wanying Sun, Mengting Li, Kathy Leung, Joseph T. Wu, Hsiang-Yu Yuan, Maggie H. Wang, Bingyi Yang, Matthew R. McKay, Ning Ning, Leo L. M. Poon
Humans with function-disrupting variants in the myostatin gene (MSTN) have increased skeletal muscle mass and strength, and less adiposity
Joseph L. Herman, Peter Dornbos, Karl Landheer, Benjamin J. Geraghty, Marc A. Egerman, Duc Phan, Mary Germino, Jason W. Mastaitis, Johnathon R. Walls, Luca A. Lotta, Gonçalo Abecasis, Aris Baras, Judith Y. Altarejos, Mark W. Sleeman, , Olle Melander, , Tea Shavlakadze, George D. Yancopoulos, Jonas Bovijn, Jonathan Marchini, David J. Glass
Mechanical gating of tendon fibrogenic transcription in systemic sclerosis
Amro A. Hussien, Robert Knell, Stefania L. Wunderli, Matthew R. Aronoff, Barbara Niederoest, Florian Renoux, Amela Hukara, Jasper Foolen, Helma Wennemers, Oliver Distler, Jess G. Snedeker
Vascular smooth muscle cell state trajectories mediate molecular mechanisms of coronary disease risk
Daniel Y. Li, Soumya Kundu, Paul Cheng, Wenduo Gu, Matthew D. Worssam, William R. Jackson, Quanyi Zhao, Trieu Nguyen, Amelia M. Yu, JoĂŁo P. Monteiro, Roxanne D. Caceres, Stanley Dale, Brian T. Palmisano, Chad S. Weldy, Markus Ramste, Ramendra Kundu, Anshul Kundaje, Robert C. Wirka, Thomas Quertermous
IL-17RA signaling promotes the dedifferentiation of Paneth progenitors through ADAM17 to regenerate gut epithelium post-irradiation
Cody G. Kempen, Ankita Singh, Keith A. Breau, Hafiz I. Tariq, Yangle Yu, Stephen J. Gaudino, Tej Bahadur, Emilia Orzechowska-Licari, Onur Eskiocak, Kiyoshi Shiomitsu, Richard Blumberg, Paula Denoya, Rebecca Martin, Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Semir Beyaz, Scott T. Magness, Patrick Hearing, Hwan Keun Kim, Brian S. Sheridan, Peter Dempsey, Pawan Kumar
Synthesis of high-entropy hydride from the cantor alloy (fccâCoCrFeNiMn) at extreme conditions
Konstantin Glazyrin, Kristina Spektor, Maxim Bykov, Paulo H. B. Carvalho, Weiwei Dong, Fritz Körmann, Asami Sano-Furukawa, Takanori Hattori, Doreen C. Beyer, Martin Sahlberg, Yuji Ikeda, Ji Hun Yu, Yang Sangsun, Jai-Sung Lee, Shrikant Bhat, Michael Hanfland, Blazej Grabowski, Sergiy Divinski, Kirill V. Yusenko
Biological traits predict speciesâ time-varying responses to multiple global change drivers
Takehiro Sasaki, Yuki Iwachido, Orlando Lam-Gordillo, Katie M. Cook, Emily J. Douglas, Rebecca V. Gladstone-Gallagher, Barry Greenfield, Sarah Hailes, Kelly Carter, Naohiro I. Ishii, Yoshiki Takayama, Shinji Shimode, Maiko Kagami, Judi E. Hewitt, Simon F. Thrush, Andrew M. Lohrer
Complex marine ecological response during the Eocene-Oligocene revealed by global foraminiferal record
Zhengbo Lu, Ke Xue, Yiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Peiyue Fang, Bridget S. Wade, Laia Alegret, Michael J. Benton, Yuchang Wu, Chao Qian, Xudong Hou, Yukun Shi, Peter M. Sadler, Huiqing Xu, Zhi-Hua Zhou, Shuzhong Shen
Single-cell multi-omic analysis of mitochondrial mutational mosaicism and dynamics
Yu-Hsin Hsieh, Pauline Kautz, Lena Nitsch, Ambre M. Giguelay, Janet Liebold, Veronika Dimitrova, Stephania Contreras Castillo, Freya Jungen, Gabor Zsurka, Genevieve Trombly, Markus Schuelke, Wolfram S. Kunz, Caleb A. Lareau, Leif S. Ludwig
Cadonilimab plus chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment for advanced cervical cancer: subgroup analyses from the COMPASSION-16 phase 3 trial
Publisher Correction: Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices
Dongha Kim, Geonhyeong Park, Yun-Seok Choi, Arthur Baucour, Jisung Hwang, Jaeyu Kim, Sanghyeok Park, Hee Seong Yun, Jonghwa Shin, Haiwen Wang, Shanhui Fan, Dong Ki Yoon, Min-Kyo Seo
Climate response to Nature Future scenarios in a regional Earth System Model
Petra Sieber, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Sara Si-Moussi, Wilfried Thuiller, Gabriele Midolo, Milan ChytrĂœ, Irena AxmanovĂĄ, Jonas Schwaab, Edouard L. Davin, Matthieu Leclair, Stephan Kambach, Helge Bruelheide, Thomas Hickler, Zvjezdana StanÄiÄ, Idoia Biurrun, BehlĂŒl GĂŒler, JĂŒrgen Dengler, Jan DivĂĆĄek, Peter H. Verburg, Sonia I. Seneviratne
Learning earthquake ground motions via conditional generative modeling
Pu Ren, Rie Nakata, Maxime Lacour, Ilan Naiman, Nori Nakata, Jialin Song, Zhengfa Bi, Osman Asif Malik, Dmitriy Morozov, Omri Azencot, N. Benjamin Erichson, Michael W. Mahoney
Neural circuit models for evidence accumulation through choice-selective sequences
Lindsey S. Brown, Jounhong Ryan Cho, Scott S. Bolkan, Edward H. Nieh, Manuel Schottdorf, David W. Tank, Carlos D. Brody, Ilana B. Witten, Mark S. Goldman
Shared genetic and neuroimmune architecture links type 1 diabetes with neurocognitive traits
Priscilla Saarah, Zehra A. Syeda, Ziang Xu, Yikai Dong, Habei Jiang, Michelle Shanguyhia, Sourav Roy, Biqing Zhu, Le Zhang, Andrew T. Dewan, Samira Asgari, David A. Alagpulinsa
Identification of cis-regulatory elements provides insights into tissue-specific gene regulation in the sheep genome
Shangqian Xie, Kimberly M. Davenport, Mazdak Salavati, Alex Caulton, Emily L. Clark, Alan L. Archibald, Shannon M. Clarke, Rudiger Brauning, Alisha T. Massa, Michelle R. Mousel, Stephen N. White, Kim C. Worley, Gordon K. Murdoch, Gabrielle Becker, Morgan R. Stegmiller, Sarem F. Khilji, Katie A. Shira, Temitayo A. Olagunju, Tracy Hadfield, Stephanie D. McKay, Benjamin D. Rosen, Noelle E. Cockett, Timothy P. L. Smith, Brenda M. Murdoch
MFF budding from mitochondria regulates melanosome size and maturation
Ana Paula MagalhĂŁes Rebelo, Aurora Maracani, Samuele Greco, Federica Dal Bello, Lucia Santorelli, Marco Gerdol, Alberto Pallavicini, Tomas Knedlik, Sara Schiavon, Luca Scorrano, Philip S. Goff, Christian Frezza, Elena V. Sviderskaya, Paolo Grumati, Marta Giacomello
Control of lysosome function by the GTPase-activating protein TBC1D9B and its binding partner TMEM55B
Valentin Duhay, Miaomiao Tian, Klaudia Kosieradzka, Michael Ebner, Wen-Ting Lo, Michael Krauss, Henner-Linus Sprengel, Matthias Voss, Mara Riechmann, Jeffrey N. Savas, Michael Schwake, Volker Haucke, Markus Damme
Global literature review and survey of implementation constraints on natural climate solutions
Timm Kroeger, James T. Erbaugh, Zhixian Luo, Hilary Brumberg, Waverly Eichhorst, Margaret Hegwood, Anna LoPresti, Priya Shyamsundar, Peter W. Ellis, Lauren E. Oakes, Dow Martin, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Mieke Bourne, Arundhati Jagadish, Kemen G. Austin, Andrew T. Kinzer, Marcos SanjuĂĄn, Lisa McCullough, Marta Echavarria
Programmable ferroelectric rectifier for reliable and efficient neuromorphic crossbar array
Youngmin Kim, Yoon Jung Lee, Jiwoong Yang, Byungsoo Kim, Seung Ju Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Inhyuk Im, Jae Young Kim, He Rui, Haesung Kim, Chung Wung Bark, Min Hyuk Park, Dae Hwan Kim, Sung-Jin Choi, J. Joshua Yang, Sanghan Lee, Ho Won Jang
Global coincident bursts of high frequency oscillations across the human cortex coordinate large-scale memory processing
Sathwik Prathapagiri, Jan Cimbalnik, JesĂșs S. GarcĂa-Salinas, Marina Galanina, Lenka Jurkovicova, Pavel Daniel, Martin Kojan, Robert Roman, Martin Pail, Wojciech Fortuna, Monika Sluzewska-Niedzwiedz, Pawel Tabakow, Andrzej Czyzewski, Milan Brazdil, Michal T. Kucewicz
Astronomical calibration of the middle Cambrian in Baltica: global carbon cycle synchronization and climate dynamics
Valentin JAMART, Damien PAS, Linda A. HINNOV, Jorge E. SPANGENBERG, Thierry ADATTE, Arne T. NIELSEN, Niels H. SCHOVSBO, Nicolas THIBAULT, Michiel ARTS, Allison C. DALEY
Impact of solvent forces and broken symmetry on the assembly of designed proteins at a liquid-solid interface
Sakshi Yadav Schmid, Benjamin Helfrecht, Amy Stegmann, Benjamin A. Legg, Harley Pyles, Jiajun Chen, John R. Edison, Maxim Ziatdinov, Zdenek Preisler, Orion Dollar, Stephen Whitelam, Sergei Kalinin, David Baker, Christopher J. Mundy, Shuai Zhang, James J. De Yoreo
Low thermal inertia of carbonaceous asteroid Bennu driven by cracks observed in returned samples
A. J. Ryan, R.-L. Ballouz, R. J. Macke, T. Ishizaki, A. Alasli, J. Biele, S. A. Eckley, C. G. Hoover, K. Jardine, A. J. King, C. P. Opeil, M. Pajola, F. Tusberti, J. J. Barnes, H. C. Bates, E. L. Berger, E. B. Bierhaus, C. Calva, S. Cambioni, F. Cheng, M. Delbo, D. N. DellaGiustina, J. P. Dworkin, C. M. Elder, J. P. Emery, J. Freemantle, R. Fujita, D. P. Glavin, C. Gonzalez, P. Haenecour, V. E. Hamilton, R. D. Hanna, L. T. J. Hanton, R. Harrington, A. R. Hildebrand, D. H. Hill, K. Ishimaru, E. R. Jawin, M. K. Kontogiannis, N. G. Lunning, T. J. McCoy, J. L. Molaro, M. Montoya, H. Nagano, E. W. OâNeal, J. Plummer, K. Righter, N. Sakatani, P. SĂĄnchez, P. F. Schofield, M. A. Siegler, S. Tanaka, T. J. Zega, C. W. V. Wolner, H. C. Connolly, D. S. Lauretta
Increased contact transmission of contemporary Human H5N1 compared to Bovine and Mountain Lion H5N1 in a hamster model
Reshma Koolaparambil Mukesh, Franziska K. Kaiser, Jonathan E. Schulz, Shane Gallogly, Jessica Prado-Smith, Arthur Wickenhagen, Kathleen Cordova, Brian J. Smith, Chad Clancy, Carl Shaia, Greg Saturday, Emmie de Wit, Neeltje van Doremalen, Claude Kwe Yinda, Vincent J. Munster
Unpacking sources of transmission in HIV prevention trials with deep-sequence pathogen data
Lerato E. Magosi, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Vlad Novitsky, Molly Pretorius Holme, Janet Moore, Pam Bachanas, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Christophe Fraser, Sikhulile Moyo, Kathleen E. Hurwitz, Tendani Gaolathe, Ravi Goyal, Joseph Makhema, Shahin Lockman, Max Essex, Victor De Gruttola, Marc Lipsitch
Multimodal imaging reveals a lysosomal drug reservoir that drives heterogeneous distribution of PARP inhibitors
Carmen R. Moncayo, Restuadi Restuadi, Guanying Zhang, Daniel Marks, Paula Ortega-Prieto, Emily Doherty, Nathalie Lambie, Chad Whilding, Ivan Andrew, Alex Montoya, Bhavik Patel, Katie Tyson, Betheney R. Pennycook, Lauren Pendergast, Vincen Wu, Zoltan Takats, Nik Matthews, George R. Young, Priyanka Verma, Pavel Shliaha, Laurence Game, Boris Lenhard, Iain McNeish, Christina Fotopoulou, Alexis R. Barr, Paula Cunnea, Zoe Hall, Louise Fets
Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery
Victoria J. Bakker, Daniel F. Doak, Alacia Welch, L. Joseph Burnett, MarĂa C. Porras Peña, Joseph Brandt, Sharon A. Poessel, Steve Kirkland, Rachel Wolstenholme, Daniel Ryan, Mike Stake, Arianna Punzalan, Nacho Vilchis, Melissa A. Braham, Myra E. Finkelstein
A fundamental challenge in conservation is assessing the efficacy of recovery actions to optimize endangered species management. Considerable recent attention has focused on effective measures to counter the endangerment of avian scavengers, which have declined worldwide, primarily due to poisoning. One iconic example is efforts to recover the critically endangered California condor ( Gymnogyps californianus ), whose leading cause of death is poisoning from ingesting lead-based ammunition in carcasses. Despite enormous resources expended in California, USA, including implementation of public outreach campaigns and two legislative bans on lead ammunition, lead-related mortality of condors has increased. Here we show that two types of behavioral shifts explain the observed increases in condor lead exposure: wilder foraging and ranging by condors and increased shooting of wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) by humans. After accounting for these trends, we show that both lead ammunition bans and public outreach efforts have significantly reduced condor blood lead levels in California, lowering mortality. Our analyses uncover a dynamic in which changing ecological conditions mask the true efficacy of legislation and outreach. Given rapid global change, such dynamics are likely operating in many settings, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluations of recovery actions, which can be obscured by shifting behaviors and threats.
Bidirectional regulation of social memory by two distinct types of GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum
Li Zhang, Mengbing Huang, Chao-Liang Ye, Zhiwei Tang, Mingrui Xu, Yuan Wang, Ting Wang, Shu Luo, Rui Ji, Chang Yu, Hongyan Luo, Peng Cao, Qing-Feng Wu, Man Jiang
Erratum for the Research Article âSize-transformable antigen-presenting cellâmimicking nanovesicles potentiate effective cancer immunotherapyâ by W. Yang et al .
Editorâs note and erratum for the Research Article âNeurexin-2: An inhibitory neurexin that restricts excitatory synapse formation in the hippocampusâ by P.-Y. Lin et al.
Modeling identities among the first-sedentary communities: Emergence of clay personal ornaments in Epipaleolithic Southwest Asia
Laurent Davin, Marion Sindel, Reuven Yeshurun, Mina Weinstein-Evron, Daniel Kaufman, Boris Shklyar, Leore Grosman, Anna Belfer-Cohen, Hamoudi Khalaily, François R. Valla
KLF5 controls subtype-independent highly interactive enhancers in pancreatic cancer to regulate cell survival
Thomas L. Ekstrom, Zhangshuai Dai, Julia Thiel, Akshay Kanakan, Bishakha Joyeeta Saha, Meghana Manjunath, Nadine Schacherer, Pavlos Bousounis, Emily L Siegler, Amro M. Abdelrahman, Yara Souto, Frank Essmann, Zeynab Najafova, Sven Beyes, Mark J. Truty, Meng Dong, Steven A. Johnsen
Simple mass transfer regulation achieves scaling-free zero liquid discharge of seawater desalination brine without chemical additive
Yang Liu, Yekai Lian, Jinjuan Chen, Amal Baqais, Changting Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Canjie Lin, Chao Wang, Zhenle He, Bei Liu, Yi Jiang, Dalal Matar Al Shamsi, Ahmed Al Raeesi, Mohsen Sherif, Jianping Cao, Wenbin Wang, Peng Wang
Peat fires contribute disproportionately to Siberian fire carbon emissions
Amin Khairoun, Philippe Ciais, Thu Hang Nguyen, Chunjing Qiu, Chengliuhui Fang, Filipe Aires, Sander Veraverbeke, Clement J. F. Delcourt, Bo Zheng, Emilio Chuvieco
Immunity to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase results in additive reductions in airborne transmission of influenza H1N1 virus in ferrets
Kayla M. Septer, Derek G. Sim, Devanshi R. Patel, Cassandra J. Field, Wei Wang, Allison E. Roder, Matthew Chung, Katherine H. Restori, Elizabeth B. Norton, Cara Exten, Elodie Ghedin, Troy C. Sutton
Universal progression of structure and dynamics in colloidal nanocrystal gels during salt-accelerated aging
Charles K. Ofosu, William D. Brackett, Diana L. Conrad, Dingwen Qian, Tsung-Lun Lee, Jiho Kang, Jinny Choi, Anna Bessmertnaya, Jessica D. Oberlander, Allison M. Green, Felix LehmkĂŒhler, Andrei Fluerasu, Suresh Narayanan, Qingteng Zhang, Miaoqi Chu, Eric V. Anslyn, Thomas M. Truskett, Delia J. Milliron
IL-7/IL-15/IL-21 cytokine-fusion scaffold generates highly functional CAR T cells enriched in long-lived T memory stem cells
Erin B. Cole, Sara Lamcaj, Agnes V. Sydenstricker, Adilyn G. Voss, Christopher R. Hiner, Hong B. Hur, Manoj Kandpal, Natalia Valderrama Pena, Jian Hua Zheng, Ying Xiong, Zhongyu Zhu, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Niraj Shrestha, Boro Dropulic, Hing C. Wong, Harris Goldstein
Highly radiative emission of room temperatureâlocalized excitons enabled by charge-neutralized 0D quantum wells in 2D semiconductors
Taeyoung Moon, Hyeongwoo Lee, Jihae Lee, Dong Kyo Oh, Soo Ho Choi, Yeonjeong Koo, Christopher E. Stevens, Hyunje Cho, Deep Jariwala, Je-Hyung Kim, Moon-Ho Jo, Joshua R. Hendrickson, Ki Kang Kim, Junsuk Rho, Yung Doug Suh, Kyoung-Duck Park
Collective fs movement is a hallmark of complex systems, exhibiting emergent order across contexts from pedestrian flows to biological collectives. In high-speed, directional settings, alignment ensures efficient navigation, whereas in low-speed, undirectional, socially engaged contexts, alignment arises from interpersonal interaction rather than locomotion goals. Using high-resolution spatial and orientation data from preschool classrooms, we uncover a sharp distance-dependent transition in pairwise alignment that reflects a spontaneous symmetry breaking between behavioral phases: Below a threshold of ~0.65 meters, side-by-side orientations dominate, while face-to-face orientations prevail at larger distances. This transition stems from a distance-dependent competition among three alignment mechanisms: parallelization, opposition, and reciprocation, whose interplay generates a bifurcation structure in the effective interaction potential. Fourier decomposition of orientation distributions reveals these mechanisms, enabling a minimal pseudopotential model that captures the transition as a nonequilibrium phase change. Monte Carlo simulations using inferred interaction terms reproduce empirical patterns, establishing a quantitative framework for social alignment with implications for biological collectives and artificial swarms.
Applying machine learning to identify unrecognized COVID-19 deaths recorded as other causes of death in the United States
Mathew V. Kiang, Zehang Richard Li, Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Rafeya V. Raquib, Dielle J. Lundberg, Eugenio Paglino, Benjamin Huynh, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, M. Maria Glymour, Andrew C. Stokes
The actual number of US deaths caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been investigated and debated since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we use machine learning trained on US death certificates from March 2020 to December 2021 to predict 155,536 (95% uncertainty interval: 150,062 to 161,112) unrecognized COVID-19 deaths. This indicates that 19% more COVID-19 deaths occurred in the US than officially reported. Predicted unrecognized COVID-19 deaths occurred disproportionately among decedents with less than a high school education; decedents identified as Hispanic, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and/or Black; counties with lower household incomes and worse preexisting health; and counties in the South. These findings suggest that the US death investigation system undercounted COVID-19 deaths unevenly, hiding the true extent of inequities.
The distribution of power and inclusiveness across deep time
Gary M. Feinman, David Stasavage, David M. Carballo, Sarah B. Barber, Adam Green, Jacob Holland-Lulewicz, Dan Lawrence, Jessica Munson, Linda M. Nicholas, Francesca Fulminante, Sarah Klassen, Keith W. Kintigh, John Douglass
This study presents a global, deep-time comparative analysis of governance, questioning entrenched viewpoints about the origins and evolution of democratic institutions. Drawing on archaeological and textual data from 40 case observations across 31 polities, we develop a quantitative framework to assess governance along a collective-autocratic axis, defined by two key dimensions: concentration of power and citizen inclusiveness. Using bridging arguments and robust proxies, we construct an autocracy index to assess where cases fall on this axis and examine them in relation to population size, hierarchical complexity, geographic region, modes of fiscal financing, bureaucratic structure, ritual practices, and socioeconomic inequality. Neither polity population nor geographic region tightly correlates with the collective-autocratic axis of governance, challenging extant neoevolutionary models. Instead, the strongest associations for autocratic governance are with external financing, patrimonial bureaucracy, spectacular ritual, and high inequality. The study underscores the diversity and persistence of collective governance, offering a scalable methodology for future comparative research and reframing historical narratives.
PNAS
Generic title: Not a research article
Correction for Allcott et al., The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment
Correction for Chen et al., RNA-binding activity of PHGDH drives amyloid-beta production in a human brain organoid model of sporadic Alzheimerâs disease
Regulation of the immune CD155âCD226âTIGIT axis by cyclin D-CDK4/6
Anne Fassl, Miriam Palacios Espinoza, Deborah Butter, Aleksandra Kolodziejczyk, Marco Seehawer, Charlotte Hill, Xiaohan Ning, Timothy B. Branigan, Johany Peñailillo, Charupong Saengboonmee, Heta Jadhav, Louis-Marie Charbonnier, Adrienne G. Waks, Corinne Strawser, Donald P. McDonnell, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Sara M. Tolaney, Kornelia Polyak, Sarah Sammons, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Piotr Sicinski
Phosphorus enrichment does not enlarge the predicted CO 2 fertilization effect on forest carbon sequestration
Bin Wang, He Lyu, Xueqian Zhang, Mingkai Jiang, Belinda E. Medlyn, David WĂ„rlind, JĂŒrgen Knauer, Katrin Fleischer, Daniel S. Goll, Stefan Olin, Xiaojuan Yang, Lin Yu, Sönke Zaehle, Haicheng Zhang, Kristian Schufft, Kristine Y. Crous, Yolima Carrillo, Catriona A. Macdonald, Ian C. Anderson, Matthias M. Boer, Mark Farrell, Andrew Gherlenda, Laura Castañeda-GĂłmez, Shun Hasegawa, Klaus Jarosch, Paul Milham, RaĂșl Ochoa-Hueso, Varsha Pathare, Johanna Pihlblad, Juan Piñeiro, Sally A. Power, Peter B. Reich, Markus Riegler, David S. Ellsworth, Benjamin Smith
Fetal developmental trajectories following maternal immune activation are shaped by sex chromosomeâgonadal interactions
Alison M. Randell, Jenna Hanrahan, Stephanie Salia, T. Nadine Burry, Lucas F. Fowler, Alexandre S. Maekawa, John. G. Sled, Deepak K. Kaushik, Lindsay Cahill, Ashlyn Swift-Gallant
Sleep alters neurovascular and hydrodynamic coupling in the human brain
Tommi VĂ€yrynen, Johanna Tuunanen, Heta Helakari, Ahmed Elabasy, Vesa Korhonen, Niko Huotari, Johanna Piispala, Mika Kallio, Maiken Nedergaard, Vesa Kiviniemi
Gut microbeâderived N -acyl serinol lipids shape host postprandial metabolic homeostasis
Sumita Dutta, Kala K. Mahen, William J. Massey, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Amy C. Burrows, Anthony J. Horak, Marko Mrdjen, Nour Mouannes, Danny Orabi, Lucas J. Osborn, Treg Grubb, Rachel C. Hohe, Rakhee Banerjee, Vinayak Uppin, Dev Laungani, Grace E. Hamilton, Xiayan Ye, Naseer Sangwan, Mohammed Dwidar, Adeline M. Hajjar, Belinda Willard, Michael Martin, Erik Guetschow, Patrick Westcott, Megan R. McMullen, Laura E. Nagy, Zeneng Wang, Stanley L. Hazen, J. Mark Brown
Influence of extracellular magnesium ions on the functional state and biophysical and structural properties of connexin36 hemichannels
AnĂbal GarcĂa, Valeria MĂĄrquez-Miranda, NicolĂĄs Bravo-Acuña, Ingrid Araya-Duran, Maximiliano Rojas, NicolĂĄs Palacios-Prado, John OâBrien, Fernando D. GonzĂĄlez-Nilo, Juan C. SĂĄez
SonoPIN enables precise, noninvasive, and efficient intracellular delivery of PROTACs
Yuqi Wu, Mingyuan Liu, Ke Li, Shanglin Li, Lai Yee Phoon, John Mai, Ying Chen, Wei Yan, Shu Nakajima Lan, Joseph Rufo, Graham Milford, Ye He, Qian Wu, Shujie Yang, Li Lan, Stephen J. Benkovic, Tony Jun Huang
Microglial fructose metabolism is essential for glioblastoma growth
Leah K. Billingham, Susan L. DeLay, Yasmina Eshac, Tzu-Yi Chia, Shashwat Tripathi, Ian E Olson, Kaylee Zilinger, Jay Subbiah, Zhaoquan Wang, Nishanth S. Sadagopan, Hinda Najem, Guillaume Cognet, Joshua L. Katz, Ruochen Du, Khizar R. Nandoliya, Lauren K. Boland, Gustavo Ignacio VĂĄzquez-Cervantes, Si Wang, Hanxiao Wan, Allie B. Lipshutz, Alina R Murphy, Joseph Duffy, Irina V. Balyasnikova, Peng Zhang, Dieter Henrik Heiland, Atique U. Ahmed, Catalina Lee-Chang, Amy B. Heimberger, Justin S. A. Perry, Alexander Muir, Navdeep S. Chandel, Jason Miska
Mutually exclusive alternative pre-mRNA splicing promotes adaptive metabolic stress signaling by JNK
Alexandra Lee, Autumn Gentzler, Declan Fitzpatrick, Sithara Raju Ponny, Ozkan Aydemir, Myoung Sook Han, Caroline A. Lewis, Guangping Gao, Roger J. Davis
Senolytic treatment induces oligodendrocyte dysfunction and demyelination in the corpus callosum
Evan R. Lombardo, Robert S. Pijewski, Jake T. Lustig, Zaenab Dhari, Anirudhya Lahiri, Lucille E. Papile, Erica R. Lavoie, Vanessa M. Scanlon, Jenna M. Bartley, Stephen J. Crocker
Reversibility and ÎČ-sheet formation are decoupled in tau condensate aging
Charlotte M. Fischer, Irina A. Edu, Tomas Ć neideris, Ieva Baronaite, Zenon Toprakcioglu, Leif-Thore Deck, Daoyuan Qian, Rob Scrutton, Lasse Dreyer, Jitao Wen, Daniel E. Otzen, Si Wu, Sarah Perrett, Tuomas P. J. Knowles
Lethal toxinâequipped effector cells for the potential treatment of cancer
Alexander H. Pearlman, Brian J. Mog, Michael S. Hwang, Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Suman Paul, Jacqueline Douglass, Emily Han-Chung Hsiue, Stephanie A. Glavaris, Drew M. Pardoll, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Chetan Bettegowda, Shibin Zhou, Bert Vogelstein, Maximilian F. Konig
Origin of eukaryotic plasmalogen biosynthesis by horizontal gene transfer from myxobacteria
Juan Manuel Trinidad-Barnech, Irene del Rey NavalĂłn, Konstantina Mitsi, Antonio J. Monera-Girona, SebastiĂĄn R. Najle, S. Padmanabhan, Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Montserrat ElĂas-Arnanz
Three-dimensional high-content imaging of unstained soft tissue with subcellular resolution using a laboratory-based X-ray microscope
Michela Esposito, Alberto Astolfo, Yang Zhou, Ian Buchanan, Alexei Teplov, John Ciaran Hutchinson, Marco Endrizzi, Alexandra Egido Vinogradova, Olga Makarova, Ralu Divan, Cha-Mei Tang, Yukako Yagi, Peter D. Lee, Claire L. Walsh, Joseph D. Ferrara, Alessandro Olivo
High-affinity, structure-validated and selective macrocyclic peptide tools for chemical biology studies of Huntingtin
Rebeka Fanti, Esther Wolf, Tatsuya Ikenoue, Justin C. Deme, Swati Balakrishnan, Brandon A. Keith, Matthew G. Alteen, Renu Chandrasekaran, Manisha Yadav, Ritika Bhajiawala, Suzanne Ackloo, Jia Feng, Mahmoud A. Pouladi, Aled M. Edwards, Derek J. Wilson, Susan M. Lea, Hiroaki Suga, Rachel J. Harding
ODC1 restricts meningeal B cell age-associated-like phenotype and function in multiple sclerosis: A human and experimental study
Jonathan Zurawski, Alara Tuncer, Martin R. Profant, Jianuo Wang, Miranda Green, Yoobhin Park, Ke Cao, Simon Paris, Shahamat Tauhid, Youmna Jalkh, Molly Quattrucci, Renxin Chu, Xingshan Cao, Alex Kiss, Tanuja Chitnis, Howard Weiner, Clary B. Clish, Rohit Bakshi, Chao Wang
Characterization of phytoplankton-excreted metabolites mediating carbon flux through the surface ocean
Yuting Zhu, Hanna S. Anderson, Eli Salcedo, Samuel E. Miller, Krista Longnecker, Melissa C. Kido Soule, Sheean T. Haley, Gretchen J. Swarr, Rogier Braakman, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Elizabeth B. Kujawinski
Non-Fickian diffusion within assemblies of the intrinsically disordered protein ÎČ-casein
Laura M. Miñarro, Saikat Chakraborty, Christian Beck, Anna C. Grundel, Ilaria Mosca, Felix Roosen-Runge, Tatiana I. Morozova, Jean-Louis Barrat, Frank Schreiber, Tilo Seydel
Pharmaco-behavioral profiling identifies suppressors of autism geneâassociated phenotypes in zebrafish
Priyanka Jamadagni, Yi Dai, Yunqing Liu, Hellen Weinschutz Mendes, April Pruitt, Suha Khan, Liang Yang, Tzu-Chieh Huang, Xiayuan Huang, P. J. Michael Deans, Novin Balafkan, Dejian Zhao, Gang Xu, Yihan Liu, Ningshan Li, Weimiao Wu, Sarah E. Fitzpatrick, Uma Neelakantan, Tianying Chen, Christina Szialta, David S. Jin, Cheryl M. Lacadie, Sheila Umlauf, Xenophon Papademetris, Yulia V. Surovtseva, Kristen J. Brennand, Zuoheng Wang, Ellen J. Hoffman
Intrusive traumatic memories are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conventional therapies typically require explicit and emotionally distressing reexposure to trauma cues, often leading to high dropout rates among severely affected patients. This study examined whether trauma memory intrusions could be effectively reduced through unconscious intervention, minimizing emotional distress by subliminally presenting trauma-related visual cues during bilateral eye movement intervention, a core component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Four experiments tested this approach: two utilizing an analogue trauma paradigm in healthy participants (N = 164), one clinical study with PTSD patients (N = 60), and one supplementary experiment in a subclinical sample (N = 30). Results demonstrated that this unconscious intervention significantly reduced the frequency of intrusive memories and effectively alleviated PTSD symptoms, with the frequency of intrusion decreasing by 56% and lasting at least 2 mo in PTSD patients. Critically, patients previously unable to tolerate conventional exposure therapy became capable of consciously confronting trauma cues postintervention. This unconscious intervention approach is brief (under 2 h total), minimally distressing, and requires limited patient disclosure, offering a promising alternative or adjunct to traditional trauma-focused treatments. It may substantially enhance treatment accessibility and tolerability for severely traumatized individuals otherwise unable to engage with traditional therapies.
On the optimal integration of intelligent agents into network systems to steer cooperation
Sociotechnical networks, in which humans and technologies act as interacting entities (also known as âhybrid systemsâ), increasingly face perturbations by automated agents. What this implies for immersive steering of collective behavior, and how this shapes the stability and resilience of cooperation, remain unclear. Here, we extend evolutionary graph theory by incorporating a distinct type of node representing embedded intelligent agents, namely, algorithmic nodes that autonomously implement prescribed behavioral responses during interactions. These agents are randomly placed within a social network and exert local influence in their neighborhood in social dilemma games. Individual behavior changes are driven by evolutionary dynamics. We derive closed-form analytical results characterizing evolutionary stability and long-run cooperation levels, and show that there exists an optimal, intermediate prevalence of intelligent agents that best promotes cooperation. Our work offers insights into the optimal alignment of human populations with respect to the social good using intelligent agents.
Partner preferences for resources adapt to income and gender economic inequality
Macken Murphy, Sylvia K. Harmon-Jones, Auguste G. Harrington, Robert C. Brooks, Khandis R. Blake
For over three decades, scholars have contested whether sex differences in ideal partner preferences for age, resources, and physical attractiveness result chiefly from evolution or cultural gender inequality. Here, we test a perspective compatible with each of these competing views: partner preferences for resources adapt strategically, such that they become stronger for the sex that is poorer and individuals who are poorer, as such preferences are more useful to these individuals. Our preregistered experiment placed 602 people from five countries in one of 45 virtual ecologies, varying participantsâ personal income and their local gender economic inequality. Results show that people exhibit stronger ideal partner preferences for resources when they are poorer and when their sex is poorer. This pattern was evident in three different measures of stated partner preferences for resources, namely, ranked preferences and rated preferences for resource-relevant traits (e.g., whether a potential partner has a good job), and importance placed on dating or marrying up, financially. Preferences regarding age gaps were, surprisingly, unaffected, even though older age is associated with access to resources in naturally varying populations. Consistent with our theoretical perspective, which expects ideal partner preferences will adapt primarily to environmental variables that alter the fitness of those preferences, sex differences in stated preferences for physical attractiveness in romantic partners were largely unaffected. These results are discussed in the context of behavioral ecology, which offers a framework to interpret both our results and the mixed findings of past literature.
Correlations without causation do not support claims of humanâLLM reasoning alignment
Ivan I. Vankov, Federico Adolfi, Rachel F. Heaton, Guillermo Puebla, Jeffrey S. Bowers
Teachers hold a prominent place in modern societies, particularly where education is compulsory and widely institutionalized. This ubiquity obscures an underlying puzzle: Why do societies assign some individuals solely to the instruction of others? This question is especially enigmatic for dedicated teachers, who invest their labor in cultivating othersâ skills but do not themselves participate in the productive activities for which their students are being trained. To address this question, we develop a simple, mathematically tractable model of teaching and learning in a population that shares a common productive aim. We identify a tradeoff between the size of the workforce and its collective level of expertise; and we analyze the optimal proportion of a population that should serve as teachers, across diverse scenarios. We find that a population must exceed a critical size before it is beneficial to allocate anyone as a dedicated teacher at all. Subsequently, the peak demand for teachers is achieved at an intermediate population size and never exceeds one half of the population. For more complicated tasks, our analysis predicts the optimal allocation of teachers to instruction across different levels of expertise. Although our model is not evolutionary per se, this population-level account lays a foundation for understanding the adaptive advantage of dedicated teachers in both human and nonhuman populations.
Scientific Data
GPT-4o mini: Non-social science research article
Growth dynamics of 3,909 Escherichia coli single-gene knockouts in rich and minimal media
An ontology-based description of nano computed tomography measurements in electronic laboratory notebooks
F. Kirchner, D.C.F. Wieland, S. Irvine, S. Schimek, J. Reimers, R. Aversa, A. Boubnov, C. Lucas, S. Flenner, I. Greving, A. Lopes Marinho, T. M. Wong, R. Willumeit-Römer, C. Eschke, B. Zeller-Plumhoff
Cell Type Populations for 3D Anatomical Structures of the Human Reference Atlas
Andreas Bueckle, Bruce W. Herr, Lu Chen, Daniel Bolin, Danial Qaurooni, Michael Ginda, Yashvardhan Jain, Aleix Puig-Barbe, Kristin Ardlie, Fusheng Wang, Katy Börner
Chromosomal-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the first Trinitario hybrid cacao ICS 1
Xuehuan Feng, Revanth Sai Kumar Reddy Patel, Yuchen Yan, Vaishnavi Annabhemoju, Lyndel W Meinhardt, Bryan Bailey, Sunchung Park, Stephen P. Cohen, Dapeng Zhang, Yanbin Yin
A chromosome level reference genome for the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae
Lindsey C. Perkin, Zachary P. Cohen, Sheina B. Sim, Scott M. Geib, Anna K. Childers, Timothy P. L. Smith, J. Spencer Johnston, Perot Saelao, Charles P.-C. Suh
OzBarley: A genetic and phenotypic data resource capturing the Australian barley breeding history
Ute Baumann, Elena Kalashyan, Julian Schwerdt, Amanda Box, Chris Brien, Kenneth Chalmers, Stewart Coventry, Aanandini Ganesalingam, Jessica Hyles, Brett Lobsey, Haoyu Lou, Sebastian Raubach, Sarah Richmond, George Sainsbury, Paul D. Shaw, Bjorg Sherman, John R. Stephen, Ben Trevaskis, Robbie Waugh, Matthew R. Tucker, Bettina Berger
100 Normative Gait Profiles with 5-year fall tracking: Benchmark Dataset for Southeast Asian Movement Science
Oliver Roberts, Pablo Cruz Gonzalez, Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal, Tsung-Lin Wu, Lek Syn Lim, Xun Li, Isaac Okumura Tan, Ananda Sidarta, Patrick Wai Hang Kwong, Karen Sui Geok Chua, Wei Tech Ang, Bryan Yijia Tan
Cognitive epidemiology explores cognitive ability as a risk factor for various health and disease-related outcomes. To support research in this area, the Understanding America Study (UAS)âa nationally representative online probability sampleâhas developed and collected longitudinal assessments of multiple cognitive domains (e.g., fluid intelligence, executive function, processing speed, verbal episodic memory). These assessments have been compiled into the Cognitive Comprehensive File (CogCF), a publicly available resource of cognitive test data for over 21,000 adults aged 18 years and older. While valuable on its own, the CogCF may also be linked to an extensive range of other publicly available data collected in the UAS, including the complete Health and Retirement Study survey instrument and additional surveys on topics such as job history, personality, financial and psychological wellbeing, healthcare usage, and physical and mental health. These data enable researchers to examine critical questions such as the associations of cognitive ability with everyday life outcomes and factors associated with cognitive changes over the life course.
Socio-Economic Review
The âpower to polluteâ and âpost-neoliberalâ climate finance
Since 2021, Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) provide finance to middle-income countries (MICs) whose energy profile is largely powered by coalâthose countries with what we call the âpower to pollute.â Using the case of South Africaâs JETP, the most mature of all such agreements, we assess whether the JETP model in fact enables MICs to pursue industrial policy innovations that parallel emergent âpost-neoliberalâ policy paradigms of rich countries. We draw on analysis of semi-structured interviews with South African policy-makers, policy documents, white papers, and pronouncements at public events between 2021 and 2024. We argue that JETP financing is unlikely to enable the rise of green industrial policies typical of âpost-neoliberalâ approaches in rich countries, despite the hopes of recipient countries entering into these agreements. This type of financing is instead becoming a mechanism to constrain domestic policy flexibilityâand domestic politicsâfor carbon emissions mitigation, often reinforcing neoliberal principles in practice.
Jobs or money in times of sectoral change: how do policy attitudes respond to digitalization in Ghana?
How do new technologies influence public attitudes towards redistribution and social protection? This question, already much discussed for the OECD world, is underexplored for many middle-income countries (MICs). We argue that the politics of compensation under digital disruption reflects the underlying uncertainties of social protection in such contexts. Where informality is high and administrative capacity is limited, compensation demands may extend beyond monetary transfers to include jobs and job-related policies. We provide four pieces of evidence from an original survey in Ghana to substantiate this claim. Cross-sectional models show that both objective exposure to routine tasks and subjective fears of automation increase support for government intervention, with larger and more consistent effects for job creation than for monetary redistribution. A priming experiment yields modest average framing effects, but suggests that information can make risk more consequential for those who are already exposed. We then show that responsiveness to technological risk is higher among lower-skill respondents for job creation, whereas higher-skill respondents react more strongly towards redistributive demands when routine exposure is salient. Finally, open-ended responses indicate that people prioritize digital skills training and enabling infrastructure as practical routes to securing work. Our findings suggest that digital transformation reshapes the politics of compensation in MICs in ways that differ from standard OECD expectations, with implications for how technological change may widen inequalities within and across country income groups.