Prior research on managerial attainment highlights inequalities based on gender and ethnicity, but the role of social origins has been neglected. Moreover, past research on intergenerational social mobility does not focus specifically on how parents’ and children’s occupations may be linked. We develop a theoretical model of intergenerational managerial status transmission that we test using event history analysis that tracks managerial attainment (2000 to 2019) for over half a million Danish workers (born 1965 to 1975). Results reveal that children of managers are substantially more likely to become managers than the children of non-managers, and this inheritance is stronger for sons and for those with senior managerial origins. For children of lower-level managers, this is primarily related to advantages in early life (parental economic capital, educational attainment), but descendants of senior managers additionally benefit from advantages that accumulate later (career trajectories, elite social connections). Gender and seniority effects intersect to produce a particularly striking advantage for the sons of senior-managerial fathers. Much of this advantage remains unexplained after testing a large set of potential mediators, implying a considerable role for male-dominated forms of elite cultural and social capital (e.g., membership in exclusive clubs) and underscoring the limits to formal organizational approaches to equalizing outcomes at the very top of the occupational hierarchy.

Prior literature on fertility during war examines high‐fertility settings using quantitative data on births collected mainly after fighting ends. In contrast, we analyze cognitive processes related to childbearing during wartime in Ukraine, where a full‐scale war erupted in the context of long‐standing low fertility. We conducted 22 in‐depth, semi‐structured virtual interviews and three focus groups with women of reproductive age who have either no children or one child residing in three large Ukrainian cities facing regular Russian aerial attacks. We apply the framework of cultural schemas to show how previous culturally embedded assumptions about childbearing inform reproductive thinking under conditions of ongoing war. Fertility‐related thought processes during war are more complex and ambivalent than implied by sweeping statements about how armed conflict affects fertility rates. While safety concerns, economic hardship, and separation from partners predictably discourage fertility, uncertainty about the war's duration and a sense of life's fragility can motivate pro‐birth rhetoric. Ambivalence in reproductive thinking manifests through openness to childbearing if pregnancy occurs, despite a reluctance to actively plan it.

Gender equality in the division of housework reflects broader gender equity, with higher education expansion playing a key role in driving social change. This study explores how higher education reshapes gender differences in housework time, using China's 1999 higher education enrollment expansion as a natural experiment to address potential endogeneity arising from omitted variables. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2022, this paper employs an instrumental variable approach, using individual policy exposure to higher education expansion as an instrument to identify causal effects and explore underlying mechanisms. The results show that higher education significantly reduces women's housework time, especially employed women's rest‐day housework time and non‐employed women's daily average housework time, while its effect on men's housework time is limited and statistically insignificant. These effects operate through several mechanisms: education promotes more egalitarian gender role attitudes, shapes marital decision‐making, and enhances women's economic status, all of which contribute to a more equal division of household labor. Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger equalizing effects in areas with weak Confucian culture, severe sex ratio imbalance, and less labor market discrimination. This study advances understanding of the social returns to education by linking higher education policy to gender dynamics in housework, providing insights into how education systems and policy frameworks can promote gender equity, particularly in the context of China's focus on human capital development.

In the context of ongoing debates in the social sciences on the relationship between race, gender, and the reproduction of capitalist society, many scholars have turned to the concept of “articulation.” However, it remains unclear how, exactly, capital and ascriptive difference are articulated and why particular articulations of race, gender, and capital remain so enduring. This article undertakes a critical reading of Stuart Hall’s landmark writing on articulation to engage these themes. I begin by contextualizing Hall’s “articulationist” approach, situating it in relation to Louis Althusser’s writing on articulation and in relation to the “modes of production debate.” Against the backdrop of Hall’s account, I then argue that the built environment is a mechanism through which the articulation of capital and difference occurs and a critical “line of tendential force” that holds articulations together over time and space.

Highlights More than one third of married Japanese women report concerns about infertility, and infertility is increasingly cited as a reason for not reaching fertility ideals. Births conceived using medically assisted reproductive treatments have contributed to reducing the ideal–actual fertility gap by about one third. Infertility concerns are increasingly reported across alleducational groups, but highly educated women are more likely than others to seek and receive treatment.

There is general sentiment that insecurity is on the rise across countries. However, some groups are likely to be more vulnerable to shocks than others, indicating that we may not expect insecurity to be equally distributed across the population. In this article, we examine how subjective insecurity is distributed and then turn to the question of whether welfare states can reduce potential gaps in subjective insecurity. Using multilevel models with cross-national data for about 35,000 individuals in twenty advanced democracies from two waves of the OECD's Risks That Matter (RTM) survey (2020 and 2022), we find that the poor are more insecure and that, in general, welfare state schemes have the capacity to reduce overall subjective insecurity. However, welfare state interventions do not meaningfully reduce the subjective security gap between income groups. With regard to the subjective insecurity gap between women and men, welfare policies similarly have only a very small effect. We complement this with national, over-time survey data from Denmark. We not only see that subjective insecurity has increased over time, but also that there is a growing subjective security gap, echoing the cross-national findings.

This study adopts a couple-level approach to assess whether higher-income women (men) experience lower (higher) fertility due to opportunity costs and conventional gender norms or whether income pooling within couples facilitates parenthood. We test the well-established gendered relationship between income and fertility in Italy, a country historically known for its division of family roles along traditional gender lines. Utilizing longitudinal tax data (2003–2022; n = 8,039,372 person-years) from Tuscany—a region representing Italian-average levels of economic development and gender equality—we apply discrete-time event-history analyses. Results show that higher income for both men and women increases the likelihood of the first birth. Married couples in which both partners are high earners (low earners) are the most (least) likely to become parents, while hypergamous/hypogamous couples lie in between. These findings challenge traditional sex-specialization models and support the view that couples’ income pooling is a key factor for parenthood, which might compensate for weak public policies through private outsourcing. The positive income–fertility association grew slightly stronger in the late 2010s, suggesting rising economic prerequisites to union formation and parenthood. Overall, the findings highlight the economic stratification of parenthood in a context of high childlessness and rising costs of having a child.