The world confronts a growing number of “long problems,” such as climate change, demographic shifts, or building and maintaining critical infrastructure, which span more than one human generation. This article reviews how scholars of governance from a range of disciplines have thought about such problems and their solutions. It considers three questions. How are long-term governance challenges conceptualized? What barriers to effective governance do they present? What tools and strategies may help address those challenges, and how and under what conditions might they be effective? The literature has paid significant, but uneven, attention to these issues, highlighting the need to build the theoretical and empirical evidence base around the challenges long problems present and how they can be addressed.

The oil and gas (O&G) industry accounts for over half of global CO 2 emissions, requiring coordinated actions to align with the Net Zero Emissions scenario by 2050. Two major pathways emerge for O&G companies: developing diversified energy portfolios that include renewable energy sources and decarbonizing residual O&G operations. However, both strategies require, to varying degrees, the retrofitting of existing infrastructure and expertise. This critical review examines how the current O&G framework can be repurposed to advance energy transition initiatives of O&G companies, namely by developing renewable energy systems and reducing CO 2 emissions across upstream and downstream operations. The strategies covered herein are based on projections, goals, and ongoing actions reported by the International Energy Agency, the Oil and Gas Climate Institute, and oil companies. In the upstream segment, geological knowledge and reservoir infrastructure can enable geothermal energy development and carbon storage in depleted and active fields. Also, offshore wind, tidal, and solar energy projects may benefit from upstream expertise in working in harsh marine environments. In the downstream segment, refineries can be partially or fully converted into coprocessing refineries and stand-alone biorefineries, respectively. Biofuels, green hydrogen, and synthetic fuels are envisioned in renewable-focused scenarios, whereas low-carbon and drop-in fuels support lower-emission fossil cases. Other integrated actions, such as electrification of operations, integrated energy hubs, and participation in carbon credit markets, can strengthen the decarbonization of the O&G value chain. Overall, the initiatives reviewed illustrate multiple routes through which O&G companies can leverage their infrastructure and expertise to accelerate the energy transition and contribute to a net-zero economy.

Over the last few decades, electric power systems globally have been undergoing a rapid transition toward carbon-free energy resources, primarily driven by environmental concerns, technological innovations, economic advantages, and shifts in socioeconomic patterns. The integration of carbon-free electricity generators introduces challenges related to complexity, variability, and uncertainty of system operations. With mainstreaming and upscaling of these solutions, stranded assets, social acceptance, geopolitics of critical material security, disaster resilience, resilience to medium- to long-term variations in climate, constraints on availability of land, and end-of-life disposal issues have emerged and are inviting increasing attention. Recognition of these challenges has led to the emergence of an ensemble of electricity system models to plan and track energy transitions by accounting for these constraints. In this article, we review the coevolution of the required decision support and models. We summarize the evolution across key themes and reflect on the gaps in this evolving planning landscape of actors and networks.

Transformations toward sustainability require new ways of producing knowledge that bridge disciplines and sectors. Yet such transdisciplinary processes are shaped by power relations that influence whose knowledge counts, whose interests are represented, and which pathways for change are legitimized. This review maps the global research landscape on power in transdisciplinary and other co-production processes in sustainability research, identifying patterns across regions, sustainability issues, and approaches to knowledge co-production. We distinguish three types of frameworks linking power, knowledge co-production, and transformation: frameworks for analyzing power within co-production processes, frameworks for navigating power dynamics in practice, and frameworks for transforming broader societal power relations through co-production. Reviewing empirical studies, we trace how power manifests in goals, structures, and processes of transdisciplinary research as well as how it intersects with social identities, knowledge hierarchies, and empowerment. We conclude by synthesizing strategies for reflexive and power-aware transdisciplinary and co-productive practice in the context of sustainability transformations.

Meat production is a significant contributor to climate change. Alternative proteins such as edible insects offer a lower‐emission, protein‐rich alternative to meat. Most of the research exploring attitudes to edible insect products does so with adult populations. However, children's views should not be overlooked, given their exposure to current and future climate impacts and their stake in the future food landscape. Our aim was to review existing literature to understand how children and adolescents perceive edible insects and how willing they are to consume them, to explore any potential differences with adults' perceptions, and identify fertile avenues for future research. We identified 13 studies that considered four to 20‐year‐olds' perceptions of and willingness to consume edible insects. Four studies used qualitative and nine quantitative methods. We identified five themes from the reviewed studies and found that three of these: product characteristics; the nature of exposure to edible insects; and nutritional‐psychological factors appear related to children's perceptions of and willingness to try edible insects. We identify opportunities for future research and highlight the need for studies to consider wider infrastructural, cultural, and social factors in addition to individual‐level factors. This article is categorized under: Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses