Most studies on immigrant integration compare migrants to natives, overlooking whether migration improves outcomes relative to staying in the origin country. This study adopts a single-origin–multiple-destination design to evaluate whether Polish and Romanian migrants in Italy and the UK gain employment and occupational advantages over their non-migrant peers. Using harmonised Labour Force Survey data and Coarsened Exact Matching, the analysis estimates the effect of migration while controlling for self-selection. Results show that migration generally enhances employment prospects. However, it also increases the risk of low-skilled employment. Outcomes vary significantly by gender, education, and destination: male and less educated migrants enjoy greater employment benefits and face smaller occupational penalties than female and highly educated migrants. Migrants in the UK have higher employment chances but greater exposure to unskilled jobs than those in Italy. Thus, individual characteristics and destination-country contexts jointly shape migrants’ labour market outcomes, even when controlling for selectivity.

This study examines how social network practices among Chinese entrepreneurs in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, reflect differentiated migration experiences and class resources. Drawing on semistructured interviews with 42 first-generational Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs conducted in 2023, it analyzes how different levels of cultural capital shape patterns of social network embeddedness and, in turn, business activities. Entrepreneurs with limited cultural capital exhibit ethnic embeddedness , which is related to homogeneity in business models. By contrast, those with higher levels of cultural capital demonstrate flexible embeddedness across both co-ethnic and inter-ethnic networks, enabling access to diverse business information and ideas, which leads to more differentiated and complex business models. This study suggests that under conditions of institutional openness combined with cultural closure, variations in cultural capital segment Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs’ patterns of network embeddedness, calling for a re-examination of ethnicity not as a given organizing principle but as a differentiated and contingent resource in immigrant entrepreneurship.

We study the influence of higher education on the likelihood of co‐residence between adults in their late 20s and their parents. We exploit a policy change that expanded the supply of higher education in Greece to compare the probability of attaining higher education and the probability of living with parents between individuals who were just, and just not exposed to the expansion. We find evidence that completing university studies reduces the probability of co‐residence by 17 percentage points. We further document evidence that the impact of higher education is stronger for men.

In Poland, migration governance has lately been shaped by large‐scale Ukrainian immigration: initially, through pre‐war migration, and subsequently through forced displacement following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. This paper examines the evolution of migrant integration efforts at both the national and sub‐national levels in Poland. While existing scholarship has largely emphasised the ‘local turn’—that is, the growing role of municipalities in migrant integration—this study highlights the often‐overlooked regional level within a multi‐level governance framework. Drawing on a mixed‐method approach and focusing on two regions (Lodz and Silesia), it analyses how humanitarian responses to refugee inflows evolved into broader integration policies. It shows that once refugee inflows stabilised, sub‐national authorities' expectations regarding responsibility for integration policy shifted back towards national authorities. This dynamic illustrates a ‘vicious circle’ of migrant integration policymaking, marked by shifts from centralised governance to decoupling, and then back again. The uneven pace and divergent strategies across Polish regions reveal how weak coordination generates inconsistencies in migrant support, potentially undermining their effective integration.

The large‐scale migration of rural labourers to urban areas has emerged as a prominent characteristic of China's socioeconomic development over the past few decades. This study aims to investigate how digital finance development affects rural‐to‐urban migration in China. Utilising a sample that captures individual data on rural labour force dynamics, our empirical analysis reveals that digital finance development significantly reduces rural‐to‐urban migration, and the coverage scope of digital finance is the critical dimension in reducing this migration trend. Mechanism analysis shows that digital finance development reduces migration through three channels: enhancing rural entrepreneurial activity, facilitating the expansion of local small and medium‐sized firms, and promoting the diversification of local industries. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the reducing effect of digital finance development on outward migration of rural workers is more significant for rural labours with lower education, in areas with weak traditional finance, and in areas with strong Confucian culture. Our findings contribute to research on rural labour mobility and provide new insight into the economic impacts of digital finance development.

Despite structural support, integration remains challenging for most internally displaced people (IDPs). My survey shows that over 50% feel only partially integrated, and 65% report a lack of belonging. Broader integration measures similarly indicate low integration, comparable to that of refugees in the United States from low‐income countries. Interestingly, none of the integration metrics explain the desire to return, suggesting that even integrated individuals may wish to return. In fact, 90% of Georgian IDPs express a wish to return, primarily due to emotional factors, while economic reasons influence those wishing to stay. This finding adds to the literature, which often links reluctance to return to economic concerns but overlooks motivations behind the desire to return. Given the importance of emotional attachments, peace treaties should include chapters on allowing displaced populations to access sacred places. Additionally, the paper calls for the development of integration measures tailored specifically to the unique needs of IDPs.

Using data from Afrobarometer surveys conducted across 39 countries ( n ≈ 53,000), this study examines the relationship between ethnic identification and public attitudes toward interethnic marriage in Africa. Descriptive analyses indicate that most Africans are either supportive of or indifferent toward such unions. However, multivariate regression results show that individuals who identify more strongly with their ethnicity than their nationality are significantly less likely to support interethnic marriage. This negative association is particularly strong among rural residents. These findings suggest that strong ethnic identification can act as a barrier to social integration in multiethnic societies. They also highlight the importance of policies that foster inclusive national identities and encourage intergroup engagement through education and civic initiatives.